The mechanism of realization of intermediate term programs of development of the sanatorium complex

The author considers perfection of the mechanism of realization of programs of development of a sanatorium complex on an example of the Sochi objects. Programs of regional development in an intermediate term time interval are analyzed. Principles of construction of intermediate term programs of management are defined by a sanatorium complex.

Organizational maintenance of realization of the intermediate term program of development consists in working out and realization of the balanced system of programs, and creation of effective system of the government and a tourist infrastructure. Mechanisms of realization of the intermediate term program of development of a sanatorium complex of region are understood as set of concrete forms and kinds of measures, and influence methods (mainly state support), considered as a component of a control system of sanatorium branch in structural adjustment with a view of acceleration of maintenance of stabilization and development of a tourist infrastructure and increase of its competitiveness and efficiency.

In a basis of formation of the mechanism of granting of measures of support following principles are put:

• an orientation of measures of support on formation internal and a foreign market of competitive services;
• address character of granting of support;
• competition, payment, a reflexivity of means of support;
• effectivness (economic efficiency) of realization of given measures of support;
• a contractual basis of rendering of the support, providing compulsion and a responsibility of the parties of relations on granting of measures of support between their addressees and bodies of city administration;
• maintenance of social security of recreation politics (RP).

Depending on orientation on internal or a foreign market for the enterprises of a sanatorium complex two groups of forms and the instruments of support regulating the relations on their granting, accordingly, inside and out of region are allocated. To the forms of support focused on home market, diverse privileges and preference concern:

• tax and other tariff preferences (for example, reduction of the established sizes of fiscal charges regarding a share of the urban budget or granting of the tax credit (delay or a deferred payment of fiscal charges), assistance in granting of fiscal incentives regarding a share of the federal budget at fulfilment by the enterprises of federal purpose-oriented programs and production plans for development);
• preferential crediting and financing (for example, granting of a delay and credits of repayment of debts under credits, granting of investments from means of the city budget and off-budget fund of financial support of RP, the organization of release of municipal investment loans under realization of effective investment projects, use of financial leasing on a share basis;
• granting of guarantees and others preferences (for example, any granting of guarantees (guarantees) under investments internal and external investors, including on the security of property, prime granting to the enterprises of a sanatorium complex of the official economic and scientific and technical information necessary for realization of sanatorium activity, rendering of the advisory and auditor help for all complex of questions of maintenance of high efficiency, competitiveness of services.

Thus the approach to granting of similar privileges and preferences should be differentiated in dependence about a subject domain of action, volume and the importance of services carried out thus by various participants; scale of the obligations taken up by each participant; conditions of observance of balance of interests of addressees of support and a city.

Mechanisms of realization of the intermediate term program of development of a sanatorium complex of a city can be classified also on an effect orientation on subjects of sanatorium activity. So, main principles of functioning of the mechanism of the stimulation representing set of forms and methods of support of the enterprises of a sanatorium complex, the means of the urban budget focused on replenishment, use of competitive advantages of a city and change in consumer preferences, consist in the following:

• priorities of interests of a city;
• address character of measures of support;
• a contractual basis of granting of measures of support.

 The rationalization mechanism assumes set of forms and the instruments of support of subjects of the sanatorium activity focused on rational use of limited resources for the purpose of creation of conditions for stabilization of functioning of the enterprises and the decision of social and economic problems of a city. Main principles of formation of the mechanism of rationalization of resource exploitation are:

• competitive selection of sources of resources by criteria of possible volume of attraction of resources, their costs, warranties of maintenance and settlement of commitment on their granting;
• competitive selection of addressees of resources (objects of recourse investment ) by criteria of economic feasibility of an investment in them of resources of the given kind;
• competitive selection of programs (projects) of use of resources by criterion of efficiency of the resulted expenses of the program, degree of maintenance of development of object recourse investment and increases of its competitiveness. So, for example, application of the mechanism of rationalization in sphere of investment resources, can lead to formation of the list of priority and prime objects of investments, provide a choice of the best investment projects under the generated list of priority and prime objects and the best financial offers. Prepared by investors for realization of the investment projects, which have won competition.

To base principles of functioning of mechanism of rationalization rate:

• single methodology and single approach to organization and conducting a system of competitions and control of administration of competitions winners;
• competitive base for all participators including executive agencies;
• equal and objectivity of appraisals of offers of participators of competitions;
• multichanneling of examinations of selection of winners of competitions;
• identity of the requirements shown to participants of competitions;
• publicity of the organization and carrying out of competitions;
• a recognition of alternative variants to one target sign;
• criterional selection of winners of the competitions, based on interests of a city;
• a contractual basis of realization of the rights and duties of participants of competitions;
• full indemnification of expenses for the organization and carrying out of system of competitions from outside their participants.

Often, concrete mechanisms of realization of intermediate term programs of development of a sanatorium complex can combine elements of mechanisms of stimulation and rationalization. By working out of concrete mechanisms of realization of those or other purposes of the intermediate term program adaptation of the general concept of "maintenance" described above mechanisms to specificity of functional spheres of a tourist policy or concrete branch is necessary. The specific mechanism of support and development of the sanatorium enterprises should include the measures focused on introduction in practice of new system of mutual relations of city administration with a management of these enterprises. Special agreements on mutually advantageous cooperation, on formation and realization of strategy of such enterprises can be support tools thus. And similar agreements can define not only a measure of participation in them of a city administration and the enterprises, but also a measure of influence of bodies of city administration on decisions of a management of the enterprises, realizations of these agreements concerning social consequences, and also responsibility of heads and proprietors of the enterprises.

From the point of view of an estimation of efficiency of the given measures of support, they are expedient for dividing on two groups. In the first group the measures of support directly influencing the cost price of services should be carried. The structure of this group includes, for example, privileges on a rent for the earth, a rent for additional premises, reduced rates for water use. Application of these measures conducts to cost price decrease that, in turn, increases taxable profit. Thus, direct financing from the city budget not only the sanatorium enterprises, but also the federal budget at a rate of the sum of the privileges influencing the cost price of tourist's services is carried out. In the second group the measures of support which directly are not influencing the cost price of tourist's services should be carried. The soft loan concerns such measures on replenishment of circulating assets and the direct financial help from employment Fund on creation and preservation of workplaces, for example.

Concrete plans of action on realization of the intermediate term program of development of a sanatorium complex should define accurately:

• terms of carrying out of program actions;
• executors, structures of management and the financings of the program supervising bodies, and the competence, powers and responsibility of each of them in the decision of the problems formulated in the program and achievement of the purposes put in it according to the chosen priorities;
• control indicators for an appraisal of effectiveness of realization of the program.

Plans of action are differentiated on levels of realization of the program, from level of city administration to level of municipal district, area or the concrete enterprise, depending on degree of detailed elaboration of the actions provided in them, in turn, caused by degree of detailed elaboration of the purposes and program problems appropriate of hierarchy level.

The control of realization of the program carries out department of development of the sanatorium enterprises and resort medicine of management on resort business and tourism of a city administration of Sochi. At level of municipal districts the number of the basic executors appropriate of district programs of sanatorium activity (representing a detailed and a concrete definition of the city Complex program) along with some city structures includes prefectures, regional justices, territorial structures of controls of Sochi, the sanatorium enterprises and the organizations of districts.

Also in the structure of coordinating and operating bodies at level of municipal districts joins district Managements of economy and perspective development. The control of realization of district programs is assigned to prefects of districts and Department on development of sanatorium branch. The important place in the sanatorium policy was taken away to realization of structural transformations: allocation of priority directions of activity and base components of a sanatorium complex of a city, realization of processes of their structural reforming (including formations large corporate structures, territorial zones with the special status, creations of small enterprises on liberated as a result of reorganization and liquidation large and average factories the areas), procedures of the structural reforms providing barriers to exit of superfluous potential and stage-by-stage liquidation of the structure and depressive and unprofitable enterprises.

The decision of a problem of a withdrawal (transfer) or reforming of the enterprises is use of is administrative-economic methods. Formation at a city administration of accurate representation about became preconditions for transition from command to is administrative-economic methods in the decision of the given problem what sanatorium enterprises should become priority for a city and in what direction city, occurrence of potential investors which have the capital as a whole should develop and are ready to pay the works connected with a conclusion or reforming of the enterprises with the subsequent rehabilitation of liberated territory, transition of the enterprises assumed to a conclusion or reforming, to market relations in which conditions for proprietors of the enterprises defining there is an economic feasibility of conditions of a conclusion offered the enterprise and size обременении in default from them.

Transition from the decision of a narrow problem of a conclusion (transfer) of the enterprises to wider concept of a transfer, reforming and liquidation of the enterprises and rehabilitation of released territories is at this conjuncture possible. It was for this purpose necessary to create system organizational, financial and economic and rules of law and the measures providing possibility of realization of the formulated problem as a uniform and complete problem with a view of creation of favorable conditions, stimulation of investment activity, prevention of possible social intensity in connection with a transfer or liquidation of the enterprises. Difficulties in realization of this direction of sanatorium activity are connected basically with нерешенностью problems of reforming of the enterprises of various patterns of ownership, uncertainty of sources of financing for its decision and imperfection of existing legislative base.

Complex the program of a sanatorium policy of the Sochi region promoted elimination of negative tendencies in development of sanatorium branch, to maintenance of growth of tourist's services, financial stabilization of the sanatorium enterprises, growth of tax revenues in the city budget, to preservation of number occupied in sanatorium sphere. But at the same time negative sides of realization of the Complex program are observed also. So, in the conditions of an acute shortage of means to financial support granting of the tax credit for the enterprises of sanatorium branch is not to the full carried out. For the separate enterprises of a condition of granting of the credit have appeared excessive because of unsatisfactory structure of balance and absence of pledge, according to heads of many enterprises, the mechanism of registration of the credit is extremely difficult.

Extreme difficulties in decision-making process on regulation of sanatorium activity and granting of measures of support in frameworks complex programs sanatorium activity in the Sochi region are caused by absence objective and a trustworthy information about a condition of the enterprises of a sanatorium complex of region that confirms necessity of the urgent decision of questions of information of work controls RC(recreation complex) and carrying out of complex inventory of the sanatorium organizations of region. In many respects unresolved there was a problem of preservation and updating of personnel potential of RC.
In this connection the sanatorium policy of the Sochi region provides system of the measures directed on the decision of designated problems. The Sanatorium policy should be directed on assistance to development of the enterprise activity competitive of the market environment and a market infrastructure in RC, legislative, information and organizational-administrative regulation in the field of sanatorium activity. The purpose of a sanatorium policy formation of conditions for expansion of scales of manufacture and realization of competitive services, creations of new types of service, and also maintenance of employment the population and increases in receipts in the budget on the basis of re-structuring of the enterprises, address measures of support and protection of maker of services can be.

Thus the basic scheme of system of state regulation of sanatorium activity is based on priorities of a sanatorium policy in a direction of assistance and restriction of sanatorium activity, mechanisms (forms and methods) state regulation in the field of sanatorium activity and resources (maintenance system), including legal, actually resource, information and organizational maintenance. Total, it is possible to tell that the sanatorium policy of the Sochi region should not only ensure necessary economic benefit, but also decide a number of the challenges connected with satisfaction public (first of all, social) interests of a city. It is clear that such big complex of problems requires corresponding financing. Definition and search of its sources (especially regarding borrowed funds) also   strategic is the important problem on which decision depends not only degree of realization of the formulated program purposes, but also in region achievement of these purposes how many will manage, that is, from the point of view of expenses and results realization of the Comprehensive program of sanatorium activity will be how much effective.

One of perspective sources of attraction of financial and other kinds of resources for Comprehensive program guarantee of fulfilment is development and strengthening of inter-regional and inter-territorial communications of the enterprises of the Sochi region.